ABSTRACT
In this essay, we argue that by taking a systems lens, sustainability researchers can better understand the implications of COVID-19 on business and society and prevent future pandemics. A systems lens asks management researchers to move from a firm-level perspective to one that also considers the broader socioecological context. We argue that for business to prevent future pandemics and assure future prosperity, business must recognize the limits to growth, alternative temporalities that do not pit the short against the long term, the nestedness of local phenomena in global systems, and leverage points that can reduce entrenched systems of social inequalities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 crisis makes the study of languages in management even more relevant and timely than before the crisis. In this essay, we discuss the implications of the pandemic for the scholarly agenda of languages in management studies. Our starting point is that Covid-19 represents a major disruption, producing discursive voids that need to be bridged. The meeting of languages opens up a whole new arena for political and ideological struggles over meaning that have so far received limited attention from management scholars. The pandemic and its social and economic reverberations reveal novel research avenues for management scholars studying multilingual setting. In times of crises there is an opportunity for new insight and knowledge to emerge, but crises also make communication gaps and voids of social meaning painfully visible. Covid-19 is foregrounding the consequences of what it means (not) to have access to knowledge, safety, justice, and voice - and lack of access is often aggravated, if not produced, by language barriers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
Community health workers (CHWs) are the main bridge between health services and the community, and therefore play a vital role in the COVID-19 response. The aim of this study was to determine the COVID-19-related health status of CHWs, their basic knowledge of the disease and the role they played in the pandemic response in 2020. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with CHWs working in Campo Grande between December 2020 and January 2021. The data were collected using an electronic questionnaire. Around 40% of the sample reported at least one risk factor for COVID-19, 44% had experienced at least one COVID-19 symptom, and 76% had experienced symptoms of mental suffering during the first year of the pandemic. Mental suffering was associated with the onset of flu-like symptoms after the start of the pandemic and changes in work processes. Knowledge gaps were observed, mainly related to forms of transmission and disease prevention. In view of the uncertainty about how long this health emergency will last and the vital role CHWs play in the Brazilian Health System, health managers and society need to pay greater attention to these professionals in order to improve the effectiveness of the country's COVID-19 response. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
There is significant data on the adverse impact of COVID-19 on persons who were poor, minorities, had compromised physical or mental health, or other vulnerabilities prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant portion of the Medicare population has such vulnerabilities. The Medicare home health beneficiary population is even more vulnerable based on gender, race, income level, living alone status, and number of chronic conditions. A literature review indicated there were no studies on the impact of COVID-19 on Medicare home health beneficiaries. In a previous issue of this journal, the author addressed the literature gap by presenting a study on home care nurses' perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on Medicare home health beneficiaries. The current study is a companion qualitative study to the nurses' study. It is based on interviews of a convenience sample of 52 home care social workers from 11 different home health agencies in New York City between April 1 and September 30, 2020. Seven major themes emerged, 6 of which were identical to the themes identified by the nurses. The only new theme was limits on the ability to provide psychosocial interventions had more severe consequences. The 7 themes were: need for social service supports increased;loneliness and depression increased among patients;physical and mental health conditions became exacerbated;substance use and abuse increased;evidence of domestic violence against patients increased;there was limited staff and equipment to care for patients;and limits on the ability to provide psychosocial interventions had more severe consequences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
El acceso a los recursos y las oportunidades es una medida que, en materia de igualdad de género, deben tener hombres y mujeres. En el siguiente estudio cuantitativo, se realizó una caracterización de la población docente en el nivel de formación y contratación en dos universidades públicas del departamento de Norte de Santander, al igual que tendencias de la contratación a nivel nacional donde se evidencia, diferencias de género al acceso del mercado laboral en educación superior, nivel de formación, tasa de participación de ocupación por actividad económica y evidencias en las brechas de género en la contratación docente a nivel nacional. Se evidenció una desigualdad de género en el acceso a labores de tipo, las cuales se profundizan con el tiempo y la pandemia actual de covid-19.Alternate :Access to resources and opportunities is a measure that, in terms of gender equality, must have men and women. In the following quantitative study, a characterization of the teaching population was carried out at the level of training and hiring in two public universities in the department of Norte de Santander, as well as hiring trends at the national level where it is evident, gender differences at access to the labor market in higher education, level of training, employment participation rate by economic activity and evidence of gender gaps in teacher recruitment at the national level. A gender inequality was evidenced in access to type work, which deepens with time and the current covid-19 pandemic.
ABSTRACT
This book is an introduction to the biological basis of behavior, broadly defined, with practical applications for higher education programs that focus on advances in neuroscience. It has a special focus on training practitioners based on American Psychological Association (APA) health service psychology guidelines. It reviews and digests information for clinical, counseling, and school psychologists serving clients of all ages in a variety of settings, such as schools, hospitals, and clinics. Content for all developmental stages, including birth to geriatric practices are highlighted. This book will help health service psychologists and counselors to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse population by providing cutting-edge, evidence-based, ecologically valid neuropsychological interventions currently lacking within the field. Cultural considerations are provided within each chapter, which is especially important given societal inequity that continues to persist within our world. Implications for the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed in light of neuroscientific advances in medicine. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
The study looks at participants' knowledge and perceptions about nutrition and healthy food availability in urban low-income areas in Southern California by using Albert Bandura's (1998) social cognitive theory as it relates to health promotion. Exploratory analyses of this study indicate that majority of participants presented to have knowledge of nutrition and its importance to health and prevention of chronic illnesses. Majority of the participants' perceptions of healthy food access, regardless of income level, were that fresh produce and foods are costly and require a time commitment to prepare. Individuals in the lower income brackets tend to purchase food based on what they can afford, and which items are on sale. When it comes to effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on food consumption, many participants' included aspects of mental health, changed eating habits from pandemic induced stress and less grocery trips resulting in increased purchasing of nonperishable foods. This study highlights how food consumption may be affected by the increasing socioeconomic gap and contributes to social equality through nutrition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 pandemic crisis has caused, in addition to the serious effects on the health systems, a sharp slowdown in the Italian and European economy, mainly weighing on the weakest sections of the population with a worrying increase in economic and social inequalities. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this study focuses on the link between socio-economic fragility and epidemic exposure to Covid-19 in Italy and Europe, with a triple objective: to monitor the main dimensions of increased inequalities within the economy and society through an academic literature review;to empirically understand the reasons for national differences in the spread and lethality of the Covid-19 virus at European level;to provide, on the basis of the results obtained in pursuing the previous two objectives, a key to understanding the main public policies for a healthier, more inclusive and sustainable Italy and Europe. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Italian) La crisi pandemica da Covid-19 ha determinato, oltre ai gravi effetti sul piano sanitario, un forte rallentamento dell'economia italiana ed europea, pesando principalmente sulle fasce piu deboli della popolazione con un preoccupante aumento delle disuguaglianze economico-sociali. Mediante un approccio multidisciplinare, questo studio si concentra sul collegamento tra la fragilita socio-economica e l'esposizione epidemica al Covid-19 in Italia ed Europa, con un triplice obiettivo: monitorare le principali dimensioni delle accresciute disuguaglianze all'interno dell'economia e della societa mediante un'analisi della letteratura scientifica;comprendere empiricamente le ragioni delle differenze nazionali nella diffusione e letalita del virus da Covid-19 a livello europeo;fornire, sulla base dei risultati ottenuti nel perseguimento dei precedenti due obiettivi, una chiave di lettura delle principali politiche pubbliche per un'Italia ed un'Europa piu sane, inclusive e sostenibili. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 pandemic exposed and amplified many problems in political and healthcare systems around the world, and the United States has been no exception. One such issue is racial injustice, including its impact as a social determinant of health and its manifestation in disparities in healthcare access-including behavioral healthcare. This paper examines this problem in detail and highlights the work of the Center for Practice Innovations. This intermediary organization provides training and implementation support to behavioral healthcare organizations across New York State. This work includes changes and awareness building related to racial injustice within its organization that will drive changes in training and supports provided to behavioral healthcare organizations across New York State. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Italian) La pandemia di Covid-19 ha portato alla luce e amplificato molti problemi nei sistemi politici e sanitari in tutto il mondo, e gli Stati Uniti non hanno fatto eccezione. Uno di questi problemi e l'ingiustizia razziale, compreso il suo impatto come determinante sociale della salute e la sua manifestazione nelle disparita di accesso all'assistenza sanitaria - compresi i servizi di salute comportamentale. Questo documento esamina il problema nel dettaglio e evidenzia il lavoro del Center for Practice Innovations. Questa organizzazione intermediaria fornisce formazione e supporto nell'implementazione alle organizzazioni di assistenza sanitaria comportamentale in tutto lo Stato di New York. Questo lavoro include i cambiamenti e il consolidamento della consapevolezza relativi all'ingiustizia razziale all'interno della sua organizzazione, che guideranno i cambiamenti nella formazione e nei supporti forniti alle organizzazioni e servizi di salute comportamentale in tutto lo Stato di New York. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
The aim of this review is to examine the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on health inequalities and discuss effective public policies in containing them. The Covid-19 pandemic has generated not only an unprecedented health crisis, but also a severe economic recession and rapid increase in unemployment and economic difficulties. The poorer socioeconomic classes have been most affected by SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths due to inequalities in working, housing and area of residence conditions, psychosocial factors, as well as unequal access to health care. However, the effects of the pandemic on health inequalities can be tackled by effective policies of Covid-19 containment based on testing, tracing and isolate timely and stronger social protection measures on behalf of the most disadvantaged populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Italian) Lo scopo di questa review e esaminare gli effetti della pandemia di Covid-19 sulle disuguaglianze sanitarie e discutere politiche pubbliche efficaci per contenerle. La pandemia di Covid-19 ha generato non solo una crisi sanitaria senza precedenti, ma anche una grave recessione economica e un rapido aumento della disoccupazione e delle difficolta economiche. Le classi socioeconomiche piu povere sono state le piu colpite dalle infezioni e dai decessi da SARS-CoV-2 a causa delle disuguaglianze nelle condizioni di lavoro, abitative e dell'area di residenza, fattori psicosociali e disuguale accesso all'assistenza sanitaria. Tuttavia, gli effetti della pandemia sulle disuguaglianze sanitarie possono essere affrontati con efficaci politiche di contenimento del Covid-19 basate su test, tracciamento e isolamento di misure di protezione sociale tempestive e piu forti a favore delle popolazioni piu svantaggiate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
Lockdown was imposed in South Africa on 23rd March 2020 in the context of a society structured by the highest levels of inequality in the world (IMF 2020), extreme levels of poverty, hunger, inadequate housing security and unemployment. Globally, South Africa is defined as one of the emerging epicentres of hunger during COVID-19 (OXFAM 2020). COVID-19 will change the world forever, it will never be the same. Social workers are required to believe that 'another world is possible'. For this reason, a crisis such as this demands that things should be done differently and that there should be innovative responses to not only the effects of COVID-19 itself, but also to devastating socio- economic inequalities that have been exposed once again. It cannot be business as usual. The solutions we need today are profoundly non-capitalist, perhaps the seeds of post capitalism. The solution is community activism, rapid political grassroots responses, and mobilisation of mutual aid in the face of the crisis-as well as a renewed climate of vigour for progressive, anti-capitalist and anti-racist, social justice inspired social work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
Research by the Office of National Statistics into COVID-19-related deaths in the UK up to April 2020 provides clear evidence that working-class people in the most deprived areas of England and Wales are the most likely to die after contracting the virus. We know that COVID-19 is both virulent and highly contagious, the key factor in its global spread, our collective susceptibility and the reason why isolation and lockdowns are so important. We also know that, from a very timely report by the World Health Organization, global healthcare provision was almost completely unprepared to deal with the pandemic, despite it being known that such an occurrence was highly likely. The WHO's Strategic Preparedness and Response plan, initially published weeks before the pandemic was declared and later updated, outlined how poorly equipped global healthcare services were. Experiences have illustrated this, with too few beds, staff and equipment a universal phenomenon. This chapter focuses on the question of vulnerability of specific population cohorts, to develop an analysis of what it is that makes them so. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
The article seeks to present the unique model Givat Haviva constructed for the establishment of a shared society in Israel. This article was written during a very dramatic year in Israel and around the world. The COVID-19 epidemic has killed more than 6000 people in Israel, as of this writing, and two and a half million around the world. At a time when countries are fighting each other over vaccines for their citizens, it is clear that the world needs to change its mode of action to ensure future sustainability. The liberal-capitalist view, which sees the good of the individual as detached from the good of the whole, cannot guarantee the world's future. We depend on each other, every nation, every person. There will be no revival for the whole chain if its weak links drag us down. This is the case in the struggle for climate and environmental sustainability, and this is the case within countries as they attempt to create safe, healthy, and developing societies for their citizens. the global world of the 21st century, the world has become so small and we have become so close to each other, that everything we do locally has an immediate impact on global reality, for better or worse. Therefore, the model presented in this article also claims to be of global value. It draws insights from other countries around the world and I believe many of its components are relevant to the changes required in other countries and continents. As an optimist, I am convinced that this change will come, and the future of humanity will be built on development toward a shared, egalitarian, and inclusive society. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
The most effective COVID-19 vaccines, to date, utilize nanotechnology to deliver immunostimulatory mRNA. However, their high cost equates to low affordability. Total nano-vaccine purchases per capita and their proportion within the total vaccine lots have increased directly with the GDP per capita of countries. While three out of four COVID-19 vaccines procured by wealthy countries by the end of 2020 were nano-vaccines, this amounted to only one in ten for middle-income countries and nil for the low-income countries. Meanwhile, economic gains of saving lives with nano-vaccines in USA translate to large costs in middle-/low-income countries. It is discussed how nanomedicine can contribute to shrinking this gap between rich and poor instead of becoming an exquisite technology for the privileged. Two basic routes are outlined: (1) the use of qualitative contextual analyses to endorse R&D that positively affects the sociocultural climate; (2) challenging the commercial, competitive realities wherein scientific innovation of the day operates.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , Nanomedicine , Poverty , HumansABSTRACT
The destructive and ubiquitous nature of the COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique and important backdrop upon which to consider the practicality of an equitable approach to contemporary public administration. To minimize or ignore the specialized needs of marginalized populations in the time of COVID-19 is to prolong the spread of the disease, social restrictions, and the ultimate recovery of the American economy, as those disproportionally impacted are often public-facing essential workers who cannot stay home and effectively social distance. This commentary discusses the advancement of social equity as an essential component of policy planning in the current pandemic and offers practical administrative strategies for achievement, including heeding the data, dialoguing with community, partners, and taking courageous action.
La naturaleza destructiva y ubicua de la pandemia COVID19 presenta un telón de fondo único e importante sobre el cual considerar la viabilidad de un enfoque equitativo de la administración pública contemporánea. Minimizar o ignorar las necesidades especializadas de las poblaciones vulnerables en el momento del COVID19 es prolongar la propagación de la enfermedad, la relajación de las restricciones de permanencia en el hogar y la recuperación final de la economía estadounidense, ya que los afectados de manera desproporcionada son los trabajadores esenciales de cara al público que no pueden quedarse en casa y distancia social efectiva. Este comentario analiza el avance de la equidad social como un componente esencial de la planificación de políticas en la pandemia actual y ofrece estrategias administrativas prácticas para el logro, que incluyen prestar atención a los datos, dialogar con la comunidad, los socios y tomar medidas valientes.